This presentation describes the emergence and state of election monitoring, its contribution to democratic transition, and problems and shortcomings of election observation. It also focuses on vote count verification and improving professionalism.

The presentation describes challenges facing emerging democracies and factors different from western systems that can impact campaign finance. Results from a study of campaign finance are summarized.

This presentation describes the Campaign Finance Board (CFB) in New York, campaign finance components, mandates, public funding issues and audit reports.

This presentation describes seven key differences between democratic and undemocratic elections.

The presentation describes pre-election day fraud through the campaign or registration, election day fraud, vote buying, abuse of state resources and detecting abuse.